Concept of Education Essay

reproductional activity involve training of entire person to alter them non only to read, write and calculate or to be effective in a engendern job but as easily as to enable them to fit themselves for living in the society, therefore, it is the training of a person intellectu entirelyy, morally and physically. It is also an instrument for social liftment or social renew through individual development, discipline is a companion, it chastens vice and it guide virtues.Unarguably, tuition returns the means through which youths are in make in the aspects of living which are necessary for a happy and successful flavour. These aspects are the vocational and consumer aspect. direction is characterized with the following roles in the society a. To develop social and individual efficiency. b. It begin at self-importance fulfillment or realizations c. It prepare and train new(a) people for the problems, tasks and leisure as they exist today and stub be for seen tomorrow. d .It develops the full potentialities of every child. e. It constrains people critical and original. NATURE OF ENTRPRENEURSHIP Different individuals nominee enterprisingnessrship in different way, Economist see it as an essential coronation generating opportunities, sociologist as an instigator in modernization of societies, Psychologist see him as an entrepreneurial man and try to decipher him as a character of frugalal development and the semipolitical scientists consider him as a child of political system (Bard i and Bard I 2005).entrepreneur possesses the following features 1. renewal 2. mesh of high achievement. 3. Organization building function. 4. Gap filling function. 5. Function of Managerial Skills and leadership. Who is an enterpriser? enterpriser is a person who undertakes an enterprise dawdleing as an intermediary between dandy and labour. It is an individual who through a dint of recreate away, grow a wrinkle from fruition to a lusty venture. An Ent repreneur must possess the following characteristics they are 1.Mode charge per unit risk taking. 2. line solver. 3. Goal even upting. 4. Team builder and motivator 5. Communication aptitudes. 6. Good military man relation. CLASSIFICATION OF enterpriser. a. The Innovation Entrepreneur. b. The Initiative Entrepreneur. c. The Fabian Entrepreneur. d. The Dr wizard Entrepreneur. DISTINCTION mingled with AN ENTREPRENEUR AND MANAGER It is a common fact that people mistakes Entrepreneur for professional manager, who is appointed by the organization and paid while an Entrepreneur is not a paid manager.How be it, an entrepreneur is greatly motivated to start his new line and also manage it successfully, he is the investor and takes risks in the enterprise. He is an innovator and a manager and exploits for his satisfaction and he is happy to fuck off positive results, an entrepreneur appoints a manager to throng out some of his functions, whereas the reverse is not true, an entrep reneur may also perform duties of manager in getting done his creative activities and fit need of achievement. CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION.The United States Colorado educators, cited in Osuala (2004) defined Entrepreneurship raising as a class or part of the education programme that prepares individual to undertake the information and mathematical process of a small line of reasoning enterprise, Entrepreneurship education involves a specialized training given to students of vocational work education to enable them acquire the skills, ideas and managerial abilities and capabilities for self fight instead than being employed, the aim of entrepreneurship education is to encourage and train the recipients to create self concernopportunities for themselves through developing new line of descentes. In this direction, Entrepreneurship Education is the break agent in the development of human creative and innovative talents in business. OBJECTIVE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDU CATION Here under are the objectives for entrepreneurship education 1. exit graduate with liberal training that will make them to be creative. 2. set aside small and medium size companies with the opportunity to recruit graduates who will cop training in skills relevant to the management of small business. 3.Provide the graduates with enough training in skills that will make them meet the manpower necessitate of the society. 4. Provide the graduates with enough training in risk management to make uncertain by bearing possible and easy. 5. Stimulate industrial and economic growth of rural and less developed areas. UN profession AMONG GRADUATES * Un drill is a state of joblessness or idleness of one with labour requirements, potentials, skills, attitudes and competencies (Bosah 1987). * It is a common phenomenon among graduate wherefore the need for entrepreneurship education, so as to reduce if not eradicated.This is because unemployment has caused much mayhem in our society to day ranging from mental health, health disease, crime and violence, self-destruction case and even poorness. * The word Poverty has been variously perceived by m whatsoever scholars. It could be expressed as the inability to adept for oneself the staple fiber necessities of life. Poverty is one of the approximately common characteristics of majority of Nigeria today. * Poverty mess be reduced through the following strategies a. Promoting opportunity. b. Facilitating Empowerment. c. Enhancing security.* CONCEPT OF APPRENTICESHIP * Apprenticeship system raft be conveniently defined as the learning of an art, trade or other callings by practical experience under the guidance of a master craft man. It involves strategy for acquiring occupational skills necessary for entrepreneurial development in our society. In Nigeria, Apprenticeship system is responsible for the production of about self employed artisans who hold in been playing significant role in keeping the countrys wheel of progress and economic activities on the move.It has for a long time constituted the main source of skill acquisition and development in very m each trades including clothing and textiles. savings bank date, this system remains one of the gateways to escaping the scourge of distress and the frustration of unemployment among youths in our society. * Problems Associated With Apprenticement A. The system is highly restricted to a particular trade. B. Lack of main course Regulation. C. Vagueness of objectives. D. Lack of uniformity. E. Lack of statutory supervisory body. * NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF EMPLOYMENT (NDE).* The National Directorate of Employment is an entrepreneurial training programme was realized in 1986 and statutorily mandated by decree No 24 of 1989 to among others, invent and implement programmes to combat mass unemployment and articulate policies aimed at developing poverty work programmes with labour intensive potentials. The directorate is meant to tackle employm ent and poverty problems in some(prenominal) the short and the long term perspective by formulating and administering job creation as well as self employment related training programmess NDE (2000).* To perform these statutory functions, the directorate launched four well articulated training and employment generation programmes in 1987, these include a. vocational training. b. Business training. c. Training for rural employment. d. Training for labour based work programme. * CONCEPT OF vocational TECHNICAL EDUCATION * Vocational Technical Education is a comprehensive term referring to the educational process where it involves, in rise to power to general education, the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge relating to occupations in various sectors of economicand social life.* The major occupation areas of vocational skillful education are as follows a. Vocational agriculture b. Vocational business and office occupation . c. Distributive education. d. Vocational home economics education. e. Technical education. * OBJECTIVES OF vocational TECHNICAL EDUCATION a. To prepare the learner for entry in employment and advancement in his chosen career. b. To meet the Manpower needs of the society. c. To summation the options available to each student. d. To serve as a motivating effect to enhance all types of learning. e.To enable the recipients to wisely select a career. * CHALLENGES OF VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA * Vocational Technical Education in Nigeria today is challenged by numerous problems, they are a. Reasonable number of mystic sector enterprises is not slap-uply or skillfully driven. b. There is lamentable low level of attraction to technical and vocational education. c. Poor lease in vocational areas discourages individuals. d. Parents mostly encourage or have choice for courses that would enable their wards gain white collar jobs or graduation. e.Equipment and Infrastruc ture are inadequate technical and vocational institutions and training centers. * REMEDIES TO THE CHALLENGES a. Improve the profile of education and vocational education in particular. b. Increase investment in technical and vocational education delivery system whether at the school, the specialized colleges and within the firm. c. Encourage private sector investment in in-service technical and vocational education. d. Governments, particularly at the latter stages of their engagement with the technical and vocational education focused on growing the economy. * CONCEPT OF DISTRIBUTION IN ENTRPRENEURSHIP.* Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the channel of statistical distribution both by action and by the virtue of their business activities. * Distribution functions provide viable entrepreneurial opportunities. The jobbers, the retailers and business agents are al together entrepreneurs by their various(prenominal) business activities and operation. Distribution is an essential as pect of marketing and as much(prenominal) forms part of the inevitable activities in marketing, therefore having an effective channel of distribution is one of the surest strategies that could help entrepreneurs succeed or survive in their business.* pipeline OF DISTRIBUTION * Channel of distribution defines the various openings and outlets through which entrepreneurs products get into the hands of the final exam consumers that is without the channel of distribution, the product cannot reach the final consumer and this will affect the standard of living. * CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION * Producer wholesaler retailer consumer. * Functions of each of them in the chain of distribution * The Producer the producer is also known as the manufacturer, He manufactures the goods or product which is distributed to the consumer.* The interlocutor He is a bulk purchaser that buys of the produce in double meter and interchange in to the retailer in small quantity or unit, His functions include 1. pay of production or Distribution. 2. Ware accommodate of Goods. 3. Channeling of Information. 4. readiness of Goods for Sale. * The Retailer He buys from the wholesaler in small unit and sell to the consumer in smaller unit His functions include 1. Stocking of a great physique of goods. 2. Provision of goods at accessible spots. 3. Information and guidance to the consumer. 4. Sharing of risks. 5. Financing of consumption.* TYPES OF AGENTS * Agents is a middle man between the channel of distribution for a firms products, Included among the types are 1. Universal Agent. 2. General Agent. 3. picky Agent. 4. Delcredere Agent. 5. Factors Agent. 6. Brokers. 7. Forwarding and clearing Agents. 8. The Auctioneer. * TERMINATION OF AGENCY CONTRACT * An agency quash can be terminated if the following happen 1. Bankruptcy of all party. 2. Death of either party. 3. Insanity of the principal or the agent. 4. The Inception of war between the countries of the two parties. * THE SOLE ENTREP RENEURSHIP pedigree.* These are business venture and organizations set up, own and possibly managed by their owners, their start-up is as a result of the creative and Innovative ideas of the entrepreneur, which has been transformed or translated into an enterprise for the purposes of do value. In most cases, this business is normally financed, managed, controlled and directed by one person commonly the owner (entrepreneur). * FEATURES OF A SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP handicraft a. Profit maximization objective. b. possession is usually personal. c. Start-up capital is usually raised by the entrepreneur. d.The sole entrepreneur bears all the risks of his business. e. The life span of the business depends on the choice of the entrepreneur as the enterprise can fold up at any time. f. Meager capital. * ADVANTAGES OF SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS a. It requires small capital for start-up. b. Quick stopping point making. c. It is easy to manage. d. There is high level of secrecy in car t track the business. e. The sole entrepreneur maintains close links with his customers, assistants or employees and so can easily identify their needs. * DISADVANTAGES OF SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS a. The sole entrepreneur bears all the risks of his business.b. The business suffers the problems of expansion due to limited fund or finance. c. The shoemakers last of the owner may lead to the end of the business. * compact ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS * It is a type of business organization in which two or twenty partners agree legally to set up and manage a business ventures with the sole motive of making profits and losses together. * FEATURES OF PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS a. It is own jointly by partners b. Its main objective is for profit making. c. The start-up capital is usually raised by partners. d. The life span of the confederation arrangement depends on the agreement of the involved partners.* ADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS 1. It have more financial standing as members pool together to raise fund for the business. 2. The risk of business is jointly shared. 3. It has better prospect for management as members pool their managerial skills and abilities to run the business. 4. It also have better prospect for continuity and expansion. 5. High level of commitment and participation by all partners. * DISADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS 1. There is the misfortune that disagreement among partners can put the business to an end. 2.Laxity in the operation of one partner can affect the entire operation thus leading to inefficiency. 3. Conflict of opinion or interest among partners can as frustrate or undermine the management of the business. 4. The action of one foolhardy partner can pose much danger to the individual partners and the business itself. * PARTNERSHIP DEED * It is the rules and regulation governing the partners who are in coalition, usually giving the details of arrangement on investment pattern, profit share-out rat io, role and responsibilities of each partner. DUTIES OF PARTNERS.The rights and duties of partners are as follows a. All partners must work hard with sincerity and honesty for common objectives of the company. b. One partner should not start the same business in the some other business name to bend unhealthy competition. c. All payment receivable and collectable should be done in the company name only and not in any individuals name. d. There should be accuracy and clarity of cash-flow on accounts. e. Both working and non-working category of partners should exchange information pertaining the business. DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.Since partnership is formed with an agreement, it can be also be dissolved with another(prenominal) agreement, the dissolution can be due to one or more of the following reasons, 1. At the expiration of the period of partnership. 2. Death or insularism one of the partners. 3. When there is a court or government coordinate for dissolution. 4. Due to one or more partner misusing fund 5. In case of permanent incapacity, lunacy or grass misconduct of one or more partners. JOINT STOCK A Joint pullulate company is associations of individuals called shareholders, who join together for profit and shares that are transferable for carrying any business activity.FEATURES OF JOINT STOCK 1. Distinct legal entity. 2. Liability of members. 3. utter(a) succession. 4. Separation of ownership. 5. Authority. PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY These are company formed by the group of person who pool the fund with the aim of making profit. It is registered with registrar of joint behave companies. It is formed by minimum of 2 and maximum of 50 persons. There is no general considerment of shares and debentures. unexclusive LIMITED COMPANY In this company, the minimum shareholders are 7 and no maximum limit of share holders, shares can be transferred to anybody.A public limited company has to issue a prospectus to the public and allot shares within 180 days of the issue of prospectus, and annual general encounter has to be arranged to inform the performance aspects and financial details to be posted in advance to all the shareholders. CO-OPERATIVE ENTERPRISES Co-operative societies are started basically to avoid exploitations by middle men, it possess the following characteristics 1. It has combined features of partnership, companies and Joint stock companies. 2. Cooperate members are shareholder and share the profit. 3.All shareholders are fitting and there is no concentration of wealth and power in few hands. 4. It is managed on minimum or no profits to help members get commodities at lesser than market rates. Examples of co0operative are 1. Consumer co-operative society. 2. Farmers co-operative society. 3. Co-operative housing society. 4. Co-operative diary. 5. Co-operative banks. ADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES A. Common man is benefited by way of getting essential commodities at reasonable prices. B. Hoarding, black marketing is avo ided. C. The cost advantages are shared by members. DISADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES A.Though office bearers are elected, there could be possibility of nonparticipation and hence inefficiency. B. Some members in high position may govern the office bearers. C. Routine check and verification on quality is gruelling due to some other occupation of office bearers. CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR Women have been identified as key agents sustainable development and the fabricate half of human resources. Women Entrepreneurship is further defined as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise of women.Women entrepreneurship option includes 1. Special bedspreads making. 2. Embroidery and apparel designs. 3. Catering service. 4. Hair dressing. 5. photographic studio. CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF WOMEN ENTRPRENEURS A. Affluent Women Entrepreneur. B. Pull Factors Women Entrepreneurs. C. Rural Women Entrepreneurs. D. Self busy Women Entrepreneurs. PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 1. In a male dominant society, women are sometimes disheartened because some men believe that it is big risk financing the ventures run by women. 2.Financial Institution are skeptical about the entrepreneurial abilities of women. 3. Womens family obligation also bar them becoming and developing nations. 4. Women give more emphasis to family ties and relationship. 5. Low level risk taking attitude. 6. HOW TO overhaul WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 1. Encouraging womens participation in decision-making. 2. Better educational facilities. 3. direction through the aid of committed NGOs, Psychologist, managerial experts and technical personal. 4. Activities in which women are trained should focus on their marketability and profitability. 5.Financial and expertise financial aid should be given to women entrepreneurs. Youth Entrepreneurship Development Objectives of Youth Entrepreneurshi p Development 1. To develop entrepreneurship spirit among youths in the country. 2. To generate employment opportunities for youths. 3. To assist Nigerian graduates to secure means of lively hood in the absence of paid employment. 4. To send the wasting of energies of our youths to more productive venture. 5. To assist to reduce the crime rate and incidence of social vises like armed robbery, kidnapping, thuggery etc. among our youths.Entrepreneurship Counseling entrepreneurial counseling is quite a new area in the world of guidance and counseling the youths in our society must be the right way channeled, guided and assisted so as to imbibe a good life/ good conduct, a productive and rewarding economic life through micro-business start-up efforts. Entrepreneurial counseling services (a). Academic counseling services (b). vocational counseling services. (c). Occupational counseling. (d). Skill acquisition counseling. (e). Self employment counseling. Entrepreneurship and small gra duated table business enterprises.Sometimes, entrepreneurship development is perceived as similar with small scale business, conceptually, they are not the same. Entrepreneurship is related to small scale business only by structure relevance. For a graduate to become an entrepreneur, he or she must 1) . Develop a specific entrepreneurial skill. 2) . Develop motivation skills. 3) . Develop business skills. 4) . Develop financial literacy skill. 5) watch computer and information technology skills. Lesson from Ghana In Ghana, the most entrepreneurs sack operation at mainly the micro level and less than 5% of large businesses are Ghanaian owed.Another characteristic of Ghana entrepreneur situation is the alarming segment of entrepreneurs in the informal sector. The informal sector of Ghana is made up of about 90% of the working tribe (Baah and Achakoma, 2007). In Ghana about 48% represent the youth tribe which is from age 15-35 years of age. Like many African countries, Ghanas popu lation is fairly youthful (Baah, 2007). * Entrepreneurship in china used to be an oxymoron, but after the communist rose to power in 1949, mainland Chinas existing market economy was gradually transformed into a socialist economy. * *.