Impact of Occupational Health and Safety in Construction

Impact of Occupational Health and Safety in ConstructionAbstractThe consequential conception of the look for is to study the invasion of occupational wellness and arctic in look industry. It result too aim at identifying the spot of wrench organisations as well as employees towards occupational wellness and rubber eraser in India. To support the research, survey questionnaire and a phone interview was conducted. It aided it achieving objectives of the research.The pull industry is a truly heartrending industry. The performance of the industry in occupational health and recourse is very poor. The standard of occupational health and arctic is level(p) worse in developing countries. In Indian reflexion industry OHS has never been give prime importance. Even though in India gimmick industry is signifi faecal mattertly booming, there be no proper initiatives under hithertotn by the government to utilise OHS rules and regulations. There are several initiat ives stupefyn by Government of India unless they are still in their initial stages and need to be enforced.The employers are chargeed round completion of project rather than focussing on improving OHS of their employees. The industry has larger number of sm completely and medium coat firms and very few numbers of larger firms. Smaller firms wishing resources to be with proper OHS procedures. The workers are non provided with proper training and information about occupational health and sentry duty hazards. Lack of awareness on OHS, sub-contracting system, exercise of traditional methods in pull, lack of proper personal protective equipments, downcast wages and labour-driven industry are some of the important factors that have their wallop on occupational health and gum elastic in Indian aspect.The construction industry in developing as well as unquestionable countries is one of the most signifi tidy sumt industries in relation to the contribution to the gross domesti c product (Rantanen et al., 2004). to a fault it is having a significant repair on the health and safety of the volume working in it. tally to Haupt as cited in Rowlinson (2004), the construction industry has a poor record in relation to the health and safety of its worker. It is a known fact that workplace accidents are linked basically with unsafe behaviour. There is a positive correlation among safety climate on construction sites and workers safe behaviour. The attitudes of workers on construction sites toward health and safety are widely influenced by their perception towards risk, health and safety rules and procedures management (Mohamed and Ali, 2005). jibe to Larcher and Sohail (1999), occupational health and safety is a highly important area of concern in developing countries where Acts link up to safety rarely exist with weak regulatory authorities that finds it rugged to implement it effectively. similarly awareness towards occupational hazards is not at all or r arely perceived. The other(a) factors that affect occupational health and safety in developing countries are lack of statutory regulations and legislations to protect workers in construction firmament, standards maintained in corporate and government systems are low, unsatisfactory infrastructure and high labour intensity (Mohamed and Ali, 2005).Every year hundreds of accidents take place on construction sites resulting in severe injuries or even deaths. It is matter of concern that the comparable type of work cerebrate deaths, injuries and illnesses surpass in the construction industries all over the world. The working life of construction workers is curtailed by several years collectable to the exposure to occupational health and safety hazards. The process of construction involves many hazardous activities such as working at height, manual handling, exposure to hazardous materials, frame erection, lifting trading operations, scaffolding, demolition works and groundworks . Falls and manual handlings are the important risks associated with injuries and long term disability in the construction industry (Gillen et al.1997).1.1 Background studyAccording to study conducted by Holmes et al., (1999), that the occupational health and safety risks are in the first place related to the nature of work, low standard of individual work practices, lack of friendship, work pressure due to make up and time constraints. Rechenthin (2004) stated that, for a construction company to be consistently economic, all its project mustiness complete on time and within budget. But at the same time due to the nature of the high risk works undertaken by the construction companies results in high accident rates. Eakins (1992) stated that international research confirms that as compared to larger construction firms, smallisher firms are poor in the implementation of occupational health and safety programmes. Henceforth, the rate of occupational impairment is inversely prop ortional with the size of the organisation, i.e. smaller firm having higher fault frequency rates (McVitte et al. 1997).As per Lingard and Rowlinson (2005), the construction industry consists of several SMEs and small amount of large firms. These small and medium size firms lack overlord occupational health and safety advisors in staff. They to a fault lack knowledge and resources required to implement occupational health and safety management activities for workout training, performing risk assessments, routine inspections and audits. Moreover the expense due to booking of expensive occupational health and safety advice and services may be considered as unnecessary. Due to high competitive construction industry with cost cutting pressures, the priorities related to occupational health and safety is likely to be low with small size construction firms.According to Rantanen et al., (2004), nearly 2.4 gazillion mess in the developing countries have to bear employment conditions, that dont even meet the basic occupational health and safety standards. Further more due to lack of work safety, excessive amount of work pressures, exposure to occupational physical, biological and chemical environment results to occupational diseases and injuries to an extent of 1.2 million fatalities per year.1.2 precept for ResearchThis research studies the attitude of organisations in India, a developing rural towards occupational health and safety. As per floor of The Economic Times as cited in (Shenoy et al., 2000), size of the Indian construction industry is more than USD 25 billion. Due to large investment made in roads, railways, nuclear and other infrastructure areas, the construction sector of India is witnessing a high growth. After tillage sector, construction sector is the largest employer in India, with more than 18 million people employed in it. In spite of all these advancement, the construction sector is still dependant largely on labour intensive operations as they are easily lendable at low cost. Also occupational health and safety of people working in construction are not given due attention by the organisations (Shenoy et al., 2005). According to a report published by Construction Industry developing Council (CIDC) India (2010), safety in the construction industry is a matter of concern all over the world. With an unorganised workforce, issues related to construction safety puzzle the most vulnerable segment in India. With 18 million people employed in the construction sector within India, the issues related to safety are considerably important. The industry is highly labour intensive with a large amount of workers exposed to the risks of occupational health and workplace safety problems.In construction industry the fatal accidents rate is comparatively intravenous feeding to five times higher than the manufacturing sector. In India 165 per 1,000 workers get wound while working on construction sites. Further the report states t hat the workers are exposed to several hazardous substances having the potential to cause serious occupational health diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, poisoning etc. According to external Labour Organisation (2005), the rate of accident among industrial workers is highest with 4 per one thousand and the major contributor for this is the construction industry. International Labour Organisation (2005) report also estimated the number of deaths in India due to accidents at work as 40,000 in 2001 and 2,62,000 dying from work related diseases. Thus if construction is held creditworthy for one sixth of the total, then the death of the Indian construction workers can be estimated up to 60,000 each year.According to Damodaran (2006) safety in construction is in the bottom of list of priorities of builders, contractors and engineers. While the monetary passing game heads the list, loss of man-hours and material progress are equally irreparable when scaffolding fails, a roof collapse s or a fatal accident takes place at site of work, the human life is irreplaceable. The construction companies in India have go by means of that when a worker loses his life due to an accident on the site, there is a sudden downturn in the morale of the working force. It affects the tincture of working and the progress of work. It is only after some accidents takes place, the company begins to take safeguards. As labour is very cheap and unorganised, having little or no knowledge of their rights, the companies find it convenient as well as profitable using manpower rather than machineries. Though getting a ruminate in the construction industry helps poor labours to get out of poverty, due to presence of high occupational health and safety risk it can drive them back into insolvency.1.3 Research aim and objectives1.3.1 Aim of the researchThe aim of this research is to study the impact of occupational health and safety in construction industry, whilst exploring the attitude of org anisations and employees toward occupational health and safety in Indian construction industry.1.3.2 ObjectivesThe above mentioned aim get out be achieved with the help of the following objectives1. To explore the issues impacting health and safety with the focus on occupational health and safety in the construction industry.2. To investigate occupational health and safety hazards and its impact in construction industry3. To investigate the implementation of occupational health and safety in the Indian construction industry whilstExploring the attitude of employees and construction organisations toward occupational health and safety in India.Investigating the impact of existing occupational health and safety rules and regulations on the Indian construction industry.1.4 Research methodologyThe adopted research methodology give be divided into primary and secondary research. In primary research, questionnaires survey and a yell pass on be conducted. This will help in sagacity and identifying the perception of the management and the employees toward occupational health and safety in Indian construction industry. In secondary research, literature review will be carried out in order to understand the factors affecting occupational health and safety such organisational culture, climate and government policies. It will also help in identifying different occupational health and safety hazards and its effect on construction projects.1.4.1 Primary researchPrimary research such as questionnaires survey and telephone interview will help in achieving the main objectives of the research. Data will be collected from clients, contractors, managers, site engineers and supervisors who play an important role in the construction industry. The data collected through the telephone interview will help in supporting the findings from survey questionnaire.1.4.2 junior-grade researchSecondary research will be carried out through literature review. The data will be collected thr ough electronic databases, journals, websites, magazines, books and conference papers. These data will help in identifying the issues and factors influencing occupational health and safety in the construction industry.1.5 Limitations of the researchThe most significant limitation to this research is the time constraint. Due to limited availability of time, the research cannot be conducted in depth.Provided more time, it could be possible to visit India and collect more data available on occupational health and safety in the Indian construction industry.As the research is carried out from United Kingdom, the accruement of secondary data is limited to the information available on websites. trammel research has been carried out in India related to occupational health and safety in the construction industry. As such, there is less availability of data to support this research.The other constraints can be that some companies may not be reluctant in providing the right information. Durin g telephone interview there may be possibilities that the interviewee give diplomatic or misleading answers. Also the size of the company can influence the answers of the interviewee.Also the answers provided by the respondents may be influenced by the size and location of the company.1.6 Structure of addressThe dissertation will be divided into various chapters. Chapter 2, 3 and 4 will be part of literature review. An overview of the chapters included in this research thesis is as shown below.Chapter 1 Background study and rationale for researchThis chapter will provide an overall of overview of the research. It will consist of background study, aim and objectives and also the rationale for the research. It will also give an overview of the research methodology to be conducted in order achieve the desired aim and objectives.Chapter 2 Factors affecting health and safety on construction sitesThis chapter narrates the factors influencing health and safety on construction such as s ub-contracting systems, organisations structure, size, location, personnel and incentive factors.Chapter 3 knowledgeableness to OHS and detail description of OHS hazardsThis chapter will provide detail description of occupational health and safety including safety culture, human behaviours and different OHS hazards.Chapter 4 OHS in the Indian construction industryThis chapter will investigate the current scenario of OHS in the Indian construction industry. It will also explore the government rules and regulations related to OHS and their influence on the construction industry.Chapter 5 Research methodologyThis chapter will provide a brief outline of the different research methods available and the adopted research methodology.Chapter 6 Analysis and interpretation of the surveyThis chapter will include analysis of data collected through questionnaires survey and the telephone interview with help of charts, figures and tables.Chapter 7 Conclusion and recommendationsThis chapter will include the digest of the research findings as well as recommendations related to the research.